Sunday, May 6, 2012

JOHANN GUTENBERG 1400-1468

Commonly considered the inventor Johann Gutenberg's printing press. What he actually did was to develop the first method using the moving block letters and the printing press in such a way that the various kinds of written material can be printed quickly and accurately.
No one who jumped from the discovery of one's thoughts, nor the printing press. Seals and seal spots adhere to the principle that the process is similar to block printing was known in China for centuries before Gutenberg was born and the evidence suggests that in the year 868 AD a book of prints have been found in China. A similar process has been known to people in Europe before Gutenberg. Block printing allows printing many copies of certain books. This process has one drawback: since a new and complete set of cukilan wood or metal must be made to a book, by itself it is not practical to print a wide variety of books. Often called the most important contribution was his discovery in the Gutenberg printing letters that can move. In this case also a similar case was discovered in China around the middle of the 11th century AD by a man named Pi Sheng. The letters of the original print made from a kind of land that can not be durable. Meanwhile, some Chinese and Koreans have done a series of improvements and managed well before Gutenberg. The Koreans use metal print letters, and the Korean government to help a smelter to produce printed letters at the beginning of the 15th century AD Apart from all this, is also wrong to assume that Pi Sheng had a special influence. At the first level, Europeans did not learn to print letters to move from China but the creation itself. Second, print in block letters move has never been used in general in China itself until just recently when modern printing procedures they learned from the West. There are four essential components of modern way of printing. First, the moving block letters, the following adjustment procedure and placement of the letters are well established. Second, the printing press itself. Third, matching inks to produce prints. Fourth, materials such as paper for printing. The paper has been found in China for many before the printing press by Ts'ai Lun and its use has been widespread in Europe before the time of Gutenberg. That is the only element of the Gutenberg printing process that is ready to be. Although others had done odd jobs for each component, but Gutenberg had successfully performed a variety of improvements. For example, he developed the metal alloy to print letters; pouring the liquid metal to block print letters appropriately and thoroughly; oil presses and the printing ink needed to print
.




Gutenberg Printing Machinery
 
 
However, the overall contribution of Gutenberg's mind more than anyone else in terms of improvement of the printing press. Its importance lies mainly in its success combines all the elements of the printing press to be an effective and productive system. Because the printing press, in contrast to other previous findings, a large-scale production processes are the main. Sepucuk gun itself is much more effective than a bow and arrow. A printed book is not much different from the results of a handwritten book. Excess printing thus lies in terms of its massive production. What has been developed by Gutenberg was not the invention of a device or reason, and not just a series of improvements, but a complete production process.
Biographical Treasury Gutenberg us about yourself so rare, we only know he was born in Germany around 1400 AD in the city of Mainz. Contribution to the art of printing in mid-century prints and terbagusnya job - a so-called Gutenberg Bible - printed in Mainz around the year 1454 AD Surprisingly, the name was never listed in Gutenberg any book, nor in the Gutenberg Bible, though he himself clearly printed with discovery tool. Gutenberg never appear as a businessman: he really had no desire to money from his invention. He is often involved with the court which resulted in the indictment must pay a ransom for him in the form of tools furnished to his friend named Johann Fust. Gutenberg died in 1468 in the city of Mainz


One page of the original Gutenberg Bible
 
One of Gutenberg's influence in world history can be profitable if we associate with the development in China and Europe in subsequent periods. At the time of Gutenberg was born, the two regions were nearly as advanced. But after Gutenberg invented the printing press of Europe lurched forward with the speed, while China - which still uses the block print - progress is rather slow. Maybe too much if we say the development of printing the only factor that causes differences in the rate of progress so, but the findings certainly have important meaning that can not be ruled out.
Also worth noting if only three people on the list this book live in the five centuries before Gutenberg, while sixty-seven lives in the five centuries after Gutenberg's death. It shows how Gutenberg's invention is very meaningful - even can be called an important discovery - in relation to the withdrawal of the trigger advances the revolution of modern times.
Alexander Graham Bell may not even come into the world but the phone remains found at the same time in history. Examples can also be taken so other inventions, without Gutenberg, the invention of modern printing will be delayed a few generations, and is measured from the great influence of the resulting, no doubt Gutenberg can honor the order listed in this book.



Michael H. Hart, 1978

Friday, April 20, 2012

JOHANN GUTENBERG 1400-1468


Hundred Most Influential People in History
By Michael H. Hart
JOHANN GUTENBERG 1400-1468


Commonly considered the inventor Johann Gutenberg's printing press. What he actually did was to develop the first method using the moving block letters and the printing press in such a way that the various kinds of written material can be printed quickly and accurately.
No one who jumped from the discovery of one's thoughts, nor the printing press. Seals and seal spots adhere to the principle that the process is similar to block printing was known in China for centuries before Gutenberg was born and the evidence suggests that in the year 868 AD a book of prints have been found in China. A similar process has been known to people in Europe before Gutenberg. Block printing allows printing many copies of certain books. This process has one drawback: since a new and complete set of cukilan wood or metal must be made to a book, by itself it is not practical to print a wide variety of books. Often called the most important contribution was his discovery in the Gutenberg printing letters that can move. In this case also a similar case was discovered in China around the middle of the 11th century AD by a man named Pi Sheng. The letters of the original print made from a kind of land that can not be durable. Meanwhile, some Chinese and Koreans have done a series of improvements and managed well before Gutenberg. The Koreans use metal print letters, and the Korean government to help a smelter to produce printed letters at the beginning of the 15th century AD Apart from all this, is also wrong to assume that Pi Sheng had a special influence. At the first level, Europeans did not learn to print letters to move from China but the creation itself. Second, print in block letters move has never been used in general in China itself until just recently when modern printing procedures they learned from the West. There are four essential components of modern way of printing. First, the moving block letters, the following adjustment procedure and placement of the letters are well established. Second, the printing press itself. Third, matching inks to produce prints. Fourth, materials such as paper for printing. The paper has been found in China for many before the printing press by Ts'ai Lun and its use has been widespread in Europe before the time of Gutenberg. That is the only element of the Gutenberg printing process that is ready to be. Although others had done odd jobs for each component, but Gutenberg had successfully performed a variety of improvements. For example, he developed the metal alloy to print letters; pouring the liquid metal to block print letters appropriately and thoroughly; oil presses and the printing ink needed to print
.


Gutenberg Printing Machinery
However, the overall contribution of Gutenberg's mind more than anyone else in terms of improvement of the printing press. Its importance lies mainly in its success combines all the elements of the printing press to be an effective and productive system. Because the printing press, in contrast to other previous findings, a large-scale production processes are the main. Sepucuk gun itself is much more effective than a bow and arrow. A printed book is not much different from the results of a handwritten book. Excess printing thus lies in terms of its massive production. What has been developed by Gutenberg was not the invention of a device or reason, and not just a series of improvements, but a complete production process.
Biographical Treasury Gutenberg us about yourself so rare, we only know he was born in Germany around 1400 AD in the city of Mainz. Contribution to the art of printing in mid-century prints and terbagusnya job - a so-called Gutenberg Bible - printed in Mainz around the year 1454 AD Surprisingly, the name was never listed in Gutenberg any book, nor in the Gutenberg Bible, though he himself clearly printed with discovery tool. Gutenberg never appear as a businessman: he really had no desire to money from his invention. He is often involved with the court which resulted in the indictment must pay a ransom for him in the form of tools furnished to his friend named Johann Fust. Gutenberg died in 1468 in the city of Mainz
.

One page of the original Gutenberg Bible
One of Gutenberg's influence in world history can be profitable if we associate with the development in China and Europe in subsequent periods. At the time of Gutenberg was born, the two regions were nearly as advanced. But after Gutenberg invented the printing press of Europe lurched forward with the speed, while China - which still uses the block print - progress is rather slow. Maybe too much if we say the development of printing the only factor that causes differences in the rate of progress so, but the findings certainly have important meaning that can not be ruled out.
Also worth noting if only three people on the list this book live in the five centuries before Gutenberg, while sixty-seven lives in the five centuries after Gutenberg's death. It shows how Gutenberg's invention is very meaningful - even can be called an important discovery - in relation to the withdrawal of the trigger advances the revolution of modern times.
Alexander Graham Bell may not even come into the world but the phone remains found at the same time in history. Examples can also be taken so other inventions, without Gutenberg, the invention of modern printing will be delayed a few generations, and is measured from the great influence of the resulting, no doubt Gutenberg can honor the order listed in this book.

Seratus Tokoh yang Paling Berpengaruh dalam Sejarah
Michael H. Hart, 1978
Terjemahan H. Mahbub Djunaidi, 1982
PT. Dunia Pustaka Jaya
Jln. Kramat II, No. 31A
Jakarta Pusat

Tuesday, December 20, 2011

JOHN F. KENNEDY 1917-1963


A thousand years to come, both "Peace Corps" or "Alliance for Progress" and the events of "Bay of Pigs" will not be remembered. So did Kennedy's political action in the field of taxation and statutory civil rights. John F. Kennedy listed the book list is only for one reason only: he was the person responsible for the establishment of "Space Program, Apollo." Even if humans did not utter a small object on the sidelines of the ever-busy time, we can be sure that even 5000 years from now our journey to the moon is still considered an extraordinary event, an important event in the history of humanity.
I would perbincangkan importance to the moon program further. First, allow me to connect this issue with a question, is it true John F. Kennedy was one of the most major role in this journey to the moon. Whether or not Neil Armstrong Edwin Aldrin, the first person to actually set foot on the moon? If we put the names of people in this book list on the basis of his fame in the long run, perhaps it should be so, because I suspect more like Neil Armstrong will be remembered the coming year 5000 compared to John F. Kennedy. But from the point of influence, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin completely unimportant. If by reason of this or that because the two of them died two months before the launch of Apollo 11, there will be a dozen astronauts are well trained and highly skilled who are ready to replace it slid to the moon.
Or should we give awards to Wernher von Braun's engineers or other scientists or others who have given donations of mind and power that allows the exploration of space is it? No doubt Wernher von Braun had a larger share in terms of advancing the excavation of the mysteries of outer space (as do its predecessors like Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert Goddard and Hermann Oberth H.). However, once the political decision has been taken for the implementation of the Apollo project, not a single scientist - was also the group consisting of topnotch experts - being able to break through this complex problem. Break-hassle trip to the moon was not merely a scientific advancement, but a political decision. Politics that yellow lights and provide 24 billion dollars for this project.
Dated July 20, 1969 Apollo 11 astronauts left the trail foot on the lunar surface, fulfilling the promise Kennedy in May 1961 to land a spacecraft on the moon bermanusia "before the end of this decade"
Well, how about that political decisions? Whether sooner or later the decision will come too even without John F. Kennedy? I guess hard - although this has not so sure - at some point a government decision to finance the trip will take humans to the moon. Of course, John F. Kennedy did not impose this program when people objected.
On the other hand, there is no pressure and urging people to the implementation of the project cost, not abysmal amount of grass. If in 1959 or in 1960, Congress passed the United States Apollo program and provide funds for it, and if the law had been vetoed by President Eisenhower, bisalah say that Kennedy was just carried away by the currents of public opinion. However, the fact suggests the opposite: many Americans want a space program, but there was no fuss in the community who objected to a massive program. Even after the successful Apollo 11, there is no significant public gossip on the issue of whether the program was beneficial to the cost of it. Since 1969, of course, NASA's budget declined profusely once.
Because it is so obvious, is that the leadership of John F. Kennedy, who led the Apollo program was able to walk. Kennedylah that on May 1, 1961 promised that the United States would land a spacecraft of charged man on the moon "before the end of this decade." Was Kennedy who got funding from Congress, and under Kennedy's program was designed. People can be confident that the program to the moon will occur sooner or later (something that is not really sure), but it was clear that Kennedy was the one who did it.
Some people, of course, still feel that the Apollo project is merely quasi-quasi-an only and have no significance. As long as this does not seem signs commemorating the July 20, 1969 as a historic day, for example, the national day. Conversely, we do not know though Columbus day is celebrated in the 16th century, he is celebrated today as a sign of a new era dawn.
In fact, if the Apollo project was never passed, yet still continue to be remembered as the greatest works in perpacuan highest human achievement. But, I guess, the Apollo program will be continued and the journey into space will play a greater role in the future than ever before. If so, our grandchildren will feel that the journey of Apollo 11, as well as Columbus' journey across the Atlantic Ocean, is the starting point of the whole new era in human history.


picture source : here

Wednesday, August 10, 2011

Most Beautifull People In The World

Emmanuelle-Chriqui

 Marisa-Miller

Kate-Beckinsale

Alessandra-Ambrosio

Jessica-Alba

 Beyonce
 
 Penelope-Cruz

Cheryl-Cole

Eva-Mendes

Miranda-Kerr


source: http://www.wayantulus.com/daftar-10-wanita-tercantik-di-dunia

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